espionage meaning
espionage :
spying, intelligence gathering
noun
▪ The government investigated allegations of espionage.
▪ The government investigated allegations of spying.
▪ Espionage can threaten national security.
▪ Spying can threaten national security.
paraphrasing
▪ spying – espionage
▪ intelligence – gathering information
▪ surveillance – watching closely
▪ infiltration – entering secretly
Pronunciation
espionage [ˈɛ spi.ɒn.ɪdʒ]
The word is pronounced as 'es-pee-oh-nij' with the stress on the first syllable.
Common phrases and grammar about espionage
espionage - Common meaning
noun
spying, intelligence gathering
Part of Speech Changes for "espionage"
▪ espionage-related (adjective) – related to spying
▪ counterespionage (noun) – actions against spying
▪ espionage agent (noun) – a spy
▪ espionage activities (noun) – spying actions
Common Expressions with "espionage"
▪ commit espionage – perform spying
▪ conduct espionage – carry out spying
▪ espionage operations – spying missions
▪ state-sponsored espionage – government-backed spying
Important examples of espionage in TOEIC
Vocabulary examples from the TOEIC test
In TOEIC vocabulary questions, espionage refers to spying activities often related to national security.
Example of a confusing word: sabotage (to deliberately destroy or damage)
Grammar examples from the TOEIC test
Espionage is used as a noun describing the act of spying, often in formal contexts.
espionage
Idioms and fixed expressions in TOEIC
industrial espionage
spying to gain business secrets
economic espionage
spying to harm the economy
Differences between similar words and espionage
espionage
,
spy
differences
espionage is the act of spying, often organized and for specific purposes. spy refers to an individual who engages in spying.
espionage
,
intelligence gathering – spy
differences
espionage refers to the overall act or practice of spying, while spy refers to the person who spies.
Words with the same origin as espionage
The origin of espionage
The word's etymology is uncertain.
Word structure
The analysis of the word's composition is unclear.
Words with the same origin
The word's root is unclear or difficult to confirm.
